Dental caries (tooth decay) is the most common chronic disease affecting children in the United States that is preventable. It is 5 times more common than asthma and 7 times more common than hay fever. It is an infection of the teeth that cannot be cured by antibiotics. Pediatricians and other child health professionals can have a major impact on oral health outcomes for children through early intervention such as counseling families, identifying high-risk children, initiating timely dental referrals, and administration of appropriate fluoride modalities.

In young children from 0 to 3 years of age, it is called early childhood caries. The bacteria that causes the infection usually comes from the parents, so it is important parents brush their teeth with a fluoridated toothpaste and drink water that is fluoridated. Fluoride keeps the bacteria from attacking the teeth. This is very important to start early, especially during pregnancy.

Pediatric dentists recommend they see young children at 1 year of age. The toddlers tooth has very thin enamel and cannot withstand the acid caused by eating foods such as pop, candies, or juices more than once a day. The acid wears the enamel down, giving the bacteria the chance to cause the infection. Proper diet, oral hygiene and timely visits to health professionals for exams and treatments are key to preserving teeth over the lifespan.